Anthony Kula ^{1 2 3}

  General Notes:

Name: KULA, Anton
Age: 46
Year of Record: 1901
Comments: Extraction of those who were born outside of Canada
Event Description: 1901 Census of Canada: Province of Manitoba - Selkirk District
Source Reference: National Archives of Canada, Ottawa: microfilm reel No. T6435, District No. 11, Sub-district K03, page 10
_______________________________________________
1901 census, film T-6435, Springfield, Manitoba, page 10

Kula, Anton, male, Husband, married, born May 17, 1854, age 46, born Galicia, immigrated to Canda 1898, parents born Galicia, religian: Roman Catholic, occupation: Farmer
Kula, Annie?, female, Wife, married, born Dec 21, 1856, age 44, born Galician, immigrated 1898, parents born Galicia, Roman Catholic

", Valvara, male, son, single, born Aug 24, 1893, age 17, born Galicia, as above
", Catherine, female, daughter, single, born Nov 14, 1888, age 12, born Galicia, as above
", Mary, female, daughter, single, born Nov 26, 1890, age 10, as above
", Anton, male, son, single, born May 14, 1893, age 7, as above
",Roselin?, female, daughter, single, born Aug 26, 1894, age 6, as above
", Stephen, male, son, single, born Dec 26, 1897, age 3, as above
", Annie, female, daughter, single, born Nov 1, 1899, age 1, born Manitoba,

_______________________________________________
1906 census, Selkirk, district 8, subdistrict 5, Microfilm T-18356

page 9, family 66
Kula, Anton, Head, male, married, age 57, born Austria, immigration date: 1899, P.O. office: Cook's Creek, section 7, township 12, range 6, meridian 1, no horses, 3 milch cows, 6 other horned cattle, no sheep, 2 hogs
Kula, Annie, Wife, female, married, age 49, born Austria, immigration: 1899
Kula, Mary, daughter, single, age 17, born Austria, immigration 1899
Kula, Rosa, daughter, single, age 11, born Austria, immigration 1899
Kula, Stefan, son, single, age 9, born Austria, immigration 1899
Kula, Annie, daughter, single, age 7, born Manitoba
Kula, Michael, son, single, age 5, born Manitoba
Kula, Celia, daughter, single, age 3, born Manitoba
_______________________________________________
Galicia
The province which since the late 1700's is known as Galicia is one of the historical regions of Poland, especially its western part (west of the San River), traditionally called Malopolska, i.e. Little Poland (as opposed to Greater Poland <http://www.polishroots.org/genpoland/pos.htm> around Poznan). Its most important city, Kraków has long been the seat of Polish kings. The eastern part of Galicia was previously called Ruthenia and originally inhabited by Ruthenians (now split into Ukrainians and Belarussians). Due to the Polish influence since the 14 century more and more Poles settled in Ruthenia and also many Ruthenians adopted the Polish language and culture.
During the Partitions of Poland <http://www.polishroots.org/genpoland/polhistory.htm> in 1772 and 1795 the Austrian Empire annexed Little Poland and Ruthenia. The Austrians invented a name Galicia for these new areas (in 1815, northern regions of it were ceded to Russia and became part of the Kingdom of Poland <http://www.polishroots.org/genpoland/kpol.htm> dependent on Russia). Between 1815 and 1846 the city of Kraków together with a small surrounding area was a quasi-independent Republic of Kraków (shown in green on the map below). In 1846 this territory was incorporated into Galicia (thus becoming part of Austria). In the 19th century, about 50% of the Galician people were Polish Catholics, who were the majority in the western districts and about one-third in the eastern regions. 40% of the inhabitants, mostly in the eastern part, spoke Ukrainian and were Byzantine Catholics. The Jewish minority (about 10%) lived mostly in small cities ('shtetls') A small German minority was also present.
After WWI, the territory of Galicia became part of independent Poland. During WWII, the Nazis murdered most of the Jewish inhabitants of the province. After the war, the former Galicia was divided between Poland and Ukraine (within the Soviet Union). Most of the Poles living east of the new border re-settled to Poland, whereas the Ukrainian-speaking population of the territories which remained Polish were either expelled to Ukraine or dispersed to other parts of Poland.
The map shows the territory of Galicia before WWI. The pink line is the post-WWII border between Poland and Ukraine. For the present Ukrainian part, Ukrainian names of towns are provided also, if significantly different from the Polish ones. The regions of Spis and Orava <http://www.polishroots.org/genpoland/so.htm>, adjacent to Galicia are marked in yellow and the red line shows their division between Poland and Slovakia in 1920.

  Research Notes:

Poles:
"The Poles were the next of the Western Slavs to be drawn out of the seclusion of their villages; those from Eastern Prussia being the earliest, and those from Russian Poland the latest who have swelled the stream of emigration.
The largest number of the Polish immigrants is composed of unskilled labourers, most of them coming from villages where they worked in the fields during the summer time, and in winter went to the cities where they did the cruder work in the factories. The Poles from Germany's part of the divided kingdom have furnished nearly their quota of immigrants, and those remaining upon their native acres will continue to remain there, if only to spite the Germans who are grievously disappointed not to see them grow less under the repressive measures of the government.
The Austrian Poles who have retained many of their liberties and have also gained new privileges, have had a national and intellectual revival, under the impulse of which the peasantry has been lifted to a higher level which has reacted upon their economic condition; and although that condition is rather low in Galicia, as that portion of Poland is called, immigration from there has reached its high water mark. The largest increase in immigration among the Poles is to be looked for from Russian Poland where industrial and political conditions are growing worse, and where it will take a long time to establish any kind of equilibrium which will pacify the people and hold them to the soil." pp. 24-25 of Steiner
Nugent states that Poles first emigrated to the large Ontario cities and later to the farms of Alberta and Saskatchewan.

  Noted events in his life were:

• Immigration, 1898-1899, to Canada. ^{4 6}

• Religion, 1901, Springfield, Selkirk, Manitoba. ⁴ Roman Catholic

• Residence, 1901, Springfield, Selkirk, Manitoba. ⁴

• Residence: section 7, township 12, range 6, meridian 1, 1906, Cook's Creek, Springfield R.M., Manitoba. ⁶

Anthony married Anna Bejnko. (Anna Bejnko was born on 21 Dec 1856 in Galicia ⁴.)